How Flexible Working Hubs and Psychological Safety Improve Employee Work Effectiveness: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
Keywords:
Flexible Working Hubs, Psychological Safety, Organizational Commitment, Work Effectiveness, PLS-SEMAbstract
This study examines the impacts of Flexible Working Hubs (FWH) and Psychological Safety (PS) on Employee Work Effectiveness (EWE), while evaluating the mediating role of Organizational Commitment (OC) at the headquarters of PT Djabesmen, Alia Building (DAL), Central Jakarta. Adopting an explanatory quantitative design, data were collected via structured questionnaires from 145 employees and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results demonstrate that both FWH (β = 0.218, p = 0.001) and PS (β = 0.276, p < 0.001) significantly and directly drive work effectiveness. Furthermore, PS exerts the strongest direct influence on organizational commitment. Crucially, bootstrapping confirms that OC serves as a vital partial mediator, structurally linking physical workspace resources and psychosocial climate to operational efficiency (p < 0.001). Theoretically, this research bridges the Job Demands-Resources model and Social Exchange Theory within a conventional manufacturing corporate context. Practically, management must integrate spatial flexibility with an inclusive, non-punitive culture to cultivate a highly committed workforce capable of sustaining peak effectiveness.
References
Afshari, L. (2020). Motivating toward organizational commitment: A cross-comparative perspective. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 20(2), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595820914643
Amankwah-Amoah, J., Khan, Z., Wood, G., & Knight, G. (2021). COVID-19 and digitalization: The great acceleration. Journal of Business Research, 136, 602-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.011
Ashraf, M. H., Triki, A., & Yalcin, M. G. (2025). Logistics digitalization and the third-party logistics blue-collar employees performance: the role of paradoxical leader behavior. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 36(3), 987-1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-03-2024-0194
Baharum, H., Ismail, A., Awang, Z., McKenna, L., Ibrahim, R., Mohamed, Z., & Hassan, N. H. (2023). The study adapted instruments based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate measurement models of latent constructs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042860
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job demands-resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 25-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Bataineh, O. T., Mahasneh, A. M., Al-Zoubi, Z. H., Qablan, A., & Alkaabi, A. M. (2025). The relationship between teacher commitment, teacher self-efficacy, and work-related quality of life among science teachers. PloS One, 20(7), e0326994. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326994
Beckel, J. L. O., & Fisher, G. G. (2022). Telework and worker health and well-being: a review and recommendations for research and practice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3879. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073879
Beier, M. E., & Fisher, G. G. (2025). Aging, Work, and Retirement: Twenty-First-Century Issues in an Interdisciplinary Context. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 13. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-020924-071358
Bowen, D. E., & Ostroff, C. (2004). Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: The role of the "strength" of the HRM system. Academy of Management Review, 29(2), 203-221.
Carlgren, L., & BenMahmoud‐Jouini, S. (2022). When cultures collide: what can we learn from frictions in the implementation of design thinking? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 39(1), 44-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12603
Cooke, F. L., Dickmann, M., & Parry, E. (2022). Building sustainable societies through human-centred human resource management: Emerging issues and research opportunities. In The InTernaTIonal Journal of human resource managemenT (Vol. 33, Number 1, pp. 1-15). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.2021732
Domagalska-Grędys, M., & Sroka, W. (2025). A Balanced Professional and Private Life? Organisational and Personal Determinants of Work-Life Balance. Sustainability, 17(16), 7390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167390
Dumitriu, S., Bocean, C. G., Vărzaru, A. A., Al-Floarei, A. T., Sperdea, N. M., Popescu, F. L., & Băloi, I.-C. (2025). The role of the workplace environment in shaping employees' well-being. Sustainability, 17(6), 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062613
Garcia, M. B. (2023). Facilitating group learning using an apprenticeship model: Which master is more effective in programming instruction? Journal of Educational Computing Research, 61(6), 1207-1231. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331231170382
Herscovitch, L., & Meyer, J. P. (2002). Commitment to organizational change: extension of a three-component model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 474. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.474
Johns, J., Yates, E., Charnock, G., Pitts, F. H., Bozkurt, Ö., & Ozdemir Kaya, D. D. (2024). Coworking spaces and workplaces of the future: Critical perspectives on community, context and change. European Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12654
Jung, J.-Y. (2022). The effect of authentic leadership of deans and directors on sustainable organizational commitment at universities: mediated by organizational culture and trust. Sustainability, 14(17), 11051. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711051
Kyambade, M., Namuddu, R., Mugambwa, J., & Namatovu, A. (2024). I can't express myself at work: encouraging socially responsible leadership and psychological safety in higher education setting. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2373560. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2373560
Masoudinejad, S., & Veitch, J. A. (2023). The effects of activity-based workplaces on contributors to organizational productivity: A systematic review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 86, 101920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101920
McCabe, H., Howick, S., Megiddo, I., Sengupta, S., & Morton, A. (2025). Exploring the drivers of unsustainable pressures in health and social care: A qualitative system dynamics approach. Social Science & Medicine, 371, 117913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117913
Niazi, A., Memon, M. A., Sarwar, N., Obaid, A., Mirza, M. Z., & Amjad, K. (2024). Work intensification: A systematic review of studies from 1989 to 2022. Work, 77(3), 769-787. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-230193
Orgambidez, A., & Benitez, M. (2021). Understanding the link between work engagement and affective organisational commitment: The moderating effect of role stress. International Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 791-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12741
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K., & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of work stress and job burnout on turnover intentions among hotel employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 587-632). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2
Sekhar, C., & Patwardhan, M. (2023). Flexible working arrangement and job performance: the mediating role of supervisor support. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(5), 1221-1238. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-07-2020-0396
Terblanche, N., Molyn, J., de Haan, E., & Nilsson, V. O. (2022). Comparing artificial intelligence and human coaching goal attainment efficacy. Plos One, 17(6), e0270255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270255
Van Nguyen, S., & Habók, A. (2021). Designing and validating the learner autonomy perception questionnaire. Heliyon, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06831
Van Norren, D. E. (2022). African Ubuntu and Sustainable Development Goals: seeking human mutual relations and service in development. Third World Quarterly, 43(12), 2791-2810. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2022.2109458
Wan, J., Xie, Q., & Fan, X. (2024). The impact of transportation and information infrastructure on urban productivity: Evidence from 256 cities in China. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 68, 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2023.11.008
Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Digital transformation and innovation performance in small-and medium-sized enterprises: A systems perspective on the interplay of digital adoption, digital drive, and digital culture. Systems, 13(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010043
Whitham, M. M. (2021). Generalized generosity: How the norm of generalized reciprocity bridges collective forms of social exchange. American Sociological Review, 86(3), 503-531. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211007450
Wimelius, H., Mathiassen, L., Holmström, J., & Keil, M. (2021). A paradoxical perspective on technology renewal in digital transformation. Information Systems Journal, 31(1), 198-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12307
Xiao, G., Chen, Z., & Huang, L. (2024). Mechanism analysis and response of digital financial inclusion to labor economy based on ANN and contribution analysis. Economics, 18(1), 20220100. https://doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0100
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Selvia Linggani, Wanda Nadzirotul Hamidah, Zainul Ulum, Mutiu Owolabi Adesola (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.




