Correction and Retraction

DAAR EL-KAMIL: Multidisciplinary Journal is committed to maintaining the integrity and completeness of the scholarly record. Articles may be changed after publication only in the circumstances below, in line with best practice in academic publishing.

Erratum. A statement by the authors briefly describing corrections for errors or omissions, noting any effect on the paper's conclusions. The article remains online, and the erratum is freely available and linked to it.

Retraction. A notice that the paper should not be regarded as part of the scientific literature. Retractions are issued when there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable. Causes include misconduct, honest error, redundant publication without proper referencing or permission, plagiarism, and unethical research.

• The retracted article is not removed. A retraction notice is published and linked to it, and the article is clearly marked as retracted.
• The notice states the reason and who is responsible for the decision. If the authors did not unanimously agree, this is also noted.
• Authors may retract their own papers when they find substantial errors. Editors or the Publisher may also decide to retract.
• In rare and extreme cases involving legal infringement, the Publisher may redact or remove an article. Bibliographic information is retained.

Publisher's Note. Issued by the Publisher when production or typographical errors affect metadata (such as the title or author list) or significantly affect readers' understanding. The article is replaced with a corrected version and the date of correction is noted. Minor errors that do not affect metadata or comprehension may be corrected at the Publisher's discretion. An article can only be replaced within one year of its original publication date. For articles older than one year, a Publisher's Note documents the correction.

See also: COPE Guidelines for Retracting Articles.